![]() Until they can maybe bounce off of that wall. Wall, and you know, the particles that were about toīounce off the wall are just going to keep going. This wall, this is very much not an isostatic process. Now, what's going to happen? Well, as soon as I blow away They're identical in size,Īlthough what I just drew isn't identical in size. That there was an adjacent box next to it. Take my box that I had- let me copy and paste it. Should, in theory, be able to tell you how many states Every good formula needsĪ constant to get our units right. N, where this is number of potential states. ![]() Logarithm of my number of states- so it would be x to the Now this is just how I'mĭefining my state variable. Grow really large, let's say I like to take the logarithm Is related to what we're actually trying to measure. Thermodynamics, we're actually using a letter that in some way Of state variable that tells me, well, how many statesĬan my system be in? So this is kind of a macrostate Places for our little particles to exist. Or maybe if I had a smallerĬontainer, I would also have fewer potential states. Particles, I would have fewer potential states. States have less- for example, if I had fewer Thinking about how many states a system can have. So the total number ofĬonfigurations we have for our system- x times itself n times Three different states, you'd multiply that by States, so you'd have nine different states. Particle could have, the other one could have three different States, how many different configurations could there be? Well, for every three that one ![]() Particles, each particle had three different potential And this is really justĬombinatorics here. Multiply it times the number of states it could have,Īnd you do that a total of n times. Particle could be, then you'd get all the differentĬonfigurations for the system. X could be times all the different places where the red Then you would multiply all the different places where X different states, how many total configurations are thereįor the system as a whole? Well, particle A could be in xĭifferent states, and then particle B could be in If you were to add up all theĭifferent states, and there would be a gazillion, of It could be there and haveĪ velocity like that. It could be up here, and haveĪ velocity like that. It could also be in thatĬorner and have a velocity like that. In this corner, and it could have some velocity like that. What do I mean by state? Well, let's say IĪ different color. Now, each of these particlesĬould be in x different states. They're bouncing around like gas particles tend to do,Ĭreating some pressure on the container of a certain volume. Last several videos, what occurs in this video might Mathematics, and some of the thermodynamic principles in the Hopefully somebody else can comment on this as well. It is that the calculation would be extremely complex and would require information (e.g., about crystal properties) that we might not have. So to answer your question: the reason we cannot compute the absolute value of S from macrostate variables is not that it would depend on how we reached that state. I would believe that S not only depends on P, V, T, and U but also on the type of gas we are talking about here, i.e., what type of crystals it forms at very low temparature. And it won't matter how it got there, i.e., if first molecule 1 broke off and then m 2. When you stop heating, the stuff will go into an equilibrium state at a certain temperature. The heat capacity will change over these different phases. When you now start heating, the crystal will start vibrating, then it will crack into pieces, individual molecules will come off, etc. At absolute zero, S is also 0 and the stuff is a crystal. We only see delta S = Q / T, i.e., the INCREMENTAL entropy from adding heat at a certain temperature.
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